Main Article Content
Abstract
In space systems, atmospheric parameters are required for launch vehicle trajectory design and simulations, aerodynamic load characterization, Monte Carlo trajectory dispersion studies, re-entry of spent stages, safe recovery of reusable stages, etc. A need is felt to modify existing models over the Indian region to assimilate appropriate atmospheric dispersions. The correlated connectivity of the atmospheric profiles measured over various altitude regimes has to be ensured. A new methodology to generate any required number of atmospheric profiles is carried out in this paper. The dynamic processes of the lower and upper atmosphere are markedly different, leading to different mathematical models to generate the respective profiles. For the generation of lower altitude temperature profiles, Discrete Fourier Transform strategy is utilized; and for upper altitudes, Cumulative Distribution Function is used. Corresponding pressure and density profiles are generated using hypsometric equations. The variations in the atmospheric temperature profiles at different frequencies need to be captured to ascertain correct parameter bounds, particularly for density profiles. To generate any number of Monte Carlo atmospheric profiles replicating the observed variation and dispersion bounds in all frequency bands, a unique evolutionary optimization methodology is devised to ensure the required balance between convergence and diversification.
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References
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References
Leslie, F. W. and Justus, C. G., "The NASA Marshall Space Flight Center Earth Global Reference Atmosphere Model", NASA/TM-2011-216467, 2011.
Ananthasayanam, M. R. and Narasimha, R., "Proposals for an Indian Standard Tropical Atmosphere up to 50 km", Advances in Space Research, Vol.3, No.1, 1983, pp.17-20.doi: 10.1016/0273-1177(83)90199-0
Ananthasayanam, M. R. and Narasimha, R., "A Proposed International Tropical Reference Atmosphere up to 80 km", Advances in Space Research, Vol.5, No.7, 1985, pp.145-154. doi: 10.1016/0273-1177(85)90371-0
Ananthasayanam, M. R. and Narasimha, R., "A Proposed International Tropical Reference Atmosphere up to 1000 km", Advance in Space Research, Vol.7, No.10, 1987, pp.117-131. doi: 10.1016/0273-1177(87)90084-6
Kasturirangan, K., "Complexity in Space Engineering", Acta 22, Pontificiae Academiae Scientiarvm, Vatican, ISBN 978-88-7761-106-2, 2015, pp.112120.
Adimurthy, V., Balu, R., Pankai Priyadarshi, Ramanan, R. V. and Ravikumar, C., "Multidisciplinary Optimzation in Aerospace Design: The Emerging Technology for Complex System", Journal of Aerospace Science and Technologies, Vol.57, No.1, 2005, pp.79-92.
Sasi, M. N., "A Reference Atmosphere fof the Indian Equatorial Zone", Indian Journal of Radio and Space Physics, Vol.23, October 1994, pp.299-312.
Hedin, A. E., "MSIS-86 Thermospheric Model", Journal of Geophyscial Research, Vol.92, No.A5, 1 May 1987, pp.4649-4662.
Adimurthy, V., Ashok, V., Radhika, R., Rajeev, K., Uma, K. N., Tarun, P., Siji, K., Ravikumar, C., Anilkumar, A. K., Geethai, K., Rajasekhar, K., Sundar, B., Joyas, J., Geetha, R., Selvaraaj, M., Santhosh, D., Balamurugan, S., Anoop, P., Rony, C. V., Bhanumathy, P., Saritha, K. T. R. and Negi, D., "Report of the Committee for Generation of Revised Indian Atmosphere Model, 2021", ISRO-VSSC-SP-00891-21, Jan 2021, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Indian Space Research Space Centre, Trivandrum.
Panagiotis, V., Guiping Liu., Anthony J. Mannucci, and Diego Janches., "Equatorial Intraseasonal Temperature Oscillations in the Lower Thermosphere From SABER", Geophysical Research Letters,
Vol.45, No.20, 28 October 2018, pp.10893-10902. doi:10.1029/2018GL079467.
Akhil Raj, S. T., Venkat Ratnam, M., Narayana Rao, D. and Krishna Murthy, B. V., "Long-term Trends in
Stratospheric Ozone, Temperature, and Water Vapor Over the Indian Region", Annales Geophysicae,
Vol.36, No.1, 2018, pp.149-165. doi:10.5194/angeo-36-149-2018
Adelfang, S. I., Smith, O. E. and Batts, G. W., "Ascent Wind Model for Launch Vehicle Design", Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol.31, No.3, May-June 1994. doi: 10.2514/3.26467
Storn, R. and Price, K., "Differential Evolution - A Simple and Efficient Heuristic for Global optimization over Continous Spaces", Journal of Global Optimization, Vol.11, 1997, pp.341-359. doi: 10.1023/A:1008202821328
Ali, W. M. and Hegazy, Z. S., "Constrained Optimization based on Modified Differential Evolution Algorithm", Journal of Information Sciences, Vol.194, 2012, pp.171-208. doi: 10.1016/j.ins.2012.01.008
Adimurthy, V., Selent, B., Rudolph S. and Weigand, B., "Qualitative and Quantitative Investigation of the
Parameters of Genetic Algorithms for Optimum Cooling of Boides by Internal Convection", Proceesings of the 5th World Congress on Computational Mechanics (WCCM V), ISBN 3-9501554-0-6, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, 2002.
Ramanan, R. V. and Adimurthy, V., "Non Impact Lunar Transfer Trajectories Using Pseudostate Technique", Journal of Guidance Control and Dynamics, Vol.28, No.2, 2005, pp.217-225.
doi: 10.2514/1.7607
Adimurthy,V., Ramanan, R. V. and Priyadarshi, P., "Optimization in Aero Space Dynamics", ISRO
Monograph-2012, ISBN No: 978-81-908956-5-1. Section 8.7 Genetic Algorithm with Adaptive
Bounds (GAAB) pp.125-129.
Sasi, M. N. and Krishan Murhty, B. V., "A Study of Quasi-biennial-oscillation in the Tropical Stratopshere", Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrail Physsics, Vol.53, No.11-12, November - December 1991, pp. 1173-1180. doi: 10.1016/0021-9169(91)90068-I