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Abstract
Detailed Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are carried out for a ducted ramjet missile. Combined internal and external flow fields are numerically simulated by solving 3D RANS equations along with Menter’s SST turbulence model. Aero-propulsive configuration is evolved progressively by improving radome shape, intake ramps, intake bleed system, diverter height etc. Numerical simulations have revealed that ogive radome has less drag compared to power law shaped radome and provide better flow characteristics at the intake entry leading to superior intake performance. Appropriate boundary layer diverter height and bleed system in the intake improve the intake performance. Aero-propulsive performance of the complete vehicle is estimated for different Mach numbers and angles of attack. It is demonstrated that improved performance of the ducted ramjet missile can be obtained through use of high fidelity numerical method.
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References
- Krishnan, S. and George, P., "Solid Fuel Ramjet Combustor Design", Progress in Aerospace Science, Vol.34, 1988, pp.219-256.
- Waltrup, P. J., White, M. E., Zarlingo, F. and Gravlin, E. S., "History of U.S. Navy Ramjet, Scramjet, and Mixed-Cycle Propulsion Development", Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol.18, No.1, January-February 2002, pp.14-27.
- Fry, R. S., "A Century of Ramjet Propulsion Technology Evolution", Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol.20, No.1, January-February 2004, pp.27-58.
- Calzone, R. F., "Developments in Missile Ramjet Propulsion", Report No.TNO Report PML 1996- A100, 1996.
- Besser, H. L. and Hermann, L. W., "The Ducted Rocket Propulsion System for Meteor and its Background in German Airbreathing Motor Technology", Paper No. ISABE-2005-1149.
- Besser, H. L., Hermann. L. W. and Kurth, G., "Fit for Mission - Design Tailoring Aspects of throttleable Ducted Rocket Propulsion Systems", AIAA-2008- 5262.
- Moerel, J. L. P. A., Calzone, R. F., Halswijk, W. H. C., Horst, R. M. V., Stowed, R. and Lauzontt, M., "Performance Simulations of a Rocket and a Ramjet Air-to-Air Missile", AIAA-2001-4412.
- Besser, H. L., "History of Ducted Rocket Development at Bayern-Chemie", AIAA-2008-5261.
- Yoshihiro, Y., Yoshiyuki, I., Hisahiro, N., Eishu, K., Junichi, S., Yuichi, O. and Akihiko, Y., "Performance Demonstration of a Variable Flow Ducted Rocket Engine by Test Flight", AIAA-2009-5031.
- Laruelle, G., "Air Intakes for a Probative Missile of Rocket Ramjet", NASA TM-77407, 1984.
- Herrmann, D. and Gülhan, A., "Influence of Intake Orientation on Ramjet Performance", Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol.26, No.4, July-August 2010, pp.848-857.
- Wasserbauer, J., Shaw, R. and Neumann, H., "Minimizing Boundary Layer Bleed for a Mixed Compression Inlet", AIAA Paper No.1973-1270, 1973.
- Ryu, K. J., Lim, S. and Song, D. J., "A Computational Study of the Effect of Angles of Attack on a Double-cone Type Supersonic Inlet with a Bleeding System", Computers and Fluids, Vol.50, 2011, pp.72-80.
- Hayes, C., "Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Series of Twin-Inlet Airbreathing Missile Configurations", NASA Technical Memorandum 84559, Langley Research Center, Virginia, 1983.
- Moerel, J. L., Veraar, R. G., Halswijk, W. H. C., Pimentel, R., Corriveau, D., Hamel, N., Lesage, F. and Vos, J. B., "Internal Flow Characteristics of a Rectangular Ramjet Air Intake", AIAA Paper 2009- 5076.
- Hidenori, T., Kenji, K., Yoshiyuki, I., Junichi, S. and Akihiko, Y., "Development of Wide-range Supersonic Intake for Variable Flow Ducted Rocket Engine", AIAA Paper 2009-5223.
- Stowe, R. A., Champlain, A. D. and Mayer, A. E. H. J., "Modelling Combustor Performance of a Ducted Rocket", AIAA Paper 2000-3728.
- Ristori, A. and Dufour, E., "Numerical Simulation of Ducted Rocket Motor", AIAA Paper 2001-3193.
- Saha, S., Sinha, P. K. and Chakraborty, D., "CFD Prediction of Ramjet Intake Characteristics at Angle of Attack", Journal of Aerospace Sciences and Technologies, Vol.62, No.3, 2010, pp.159-165.
- Chandra Murty, M. S. R. and Chakraborty, D., "Coupled external and internal flow simulation of a Liquid Fuelled Ramjet Vehicle", Journal of Aerospace Science and Technology, Vol.36, 2014, pp.1-4.
- Anand Bhandarkar., Souraseni Basu., Manna, P. and Chakraborty, D., "Aerodynamic Characterization of Ramjet Missile Through Combined External-Internal CFD Simulation", Defense Science Journal, Vol.66, No.6, November, 2016.
- Menter, F. R., "Two-Equation Eddy-Viscosity Turbulence Models for Engineering Applications", AIAA Journal, Vol.32, No.8, 1994, pp.1598-1605.
- Ansys Fluent 14.5 Theory and Users Guide, India, AnsysInc, 2013.
- ICEM CFD 14.5 Modeling and Meshing Guide, India, AnsysInc, 2013.
- Roe, P. L., "Characteristic Based Schemes for the Euler Equations", Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 18:337-365, 1986.
- Guide for the Verification and Validation of Computational Fluid Dynamic Simulation G-077-1998, AIAA, Reston, VA, 1998.
- Cutler, A.D., Danehy, P. M., O’Byrne, S., Rodrigues, C. G. and Drummond, J. P., "Supersonic Combustion Experiment for CFD Model Development and Validation", AIAA Paper No. 2004-266.
- Roache, P. J., "Error base for CFD", AIAA Paper No. 2003-0408.
- Roache, P. J., "Verification and Validation in Computational Science and Engineering", Hermon Publishers, New Mexico, 1998.
- Seddon, J. and Goldsmith, E., "Intake Aerodynamics", Second Edition. Washington, DC: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc, 1999.
References
Krishnan, S. and George, P., "Solid Fuel Ramjet Combustor Design", Progress in Aerospace Science, Vol.34, 1988, pp.219-256.
Waltrup, P. J., White, M. E., Zarlingo, F. and Gravlin, E. S., "History of U.S. Navy Ramjet, Scramjet, and Mixed-Cycle Propulsion Development", Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol.18, No.1, January-February 2002, pp.14-27.
Fry, R. S., "A Century of Ramjet Propulsion Technology Evolution", Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol.20, No.1, January-February 2004, pp.27-58.
Calzone, R. F., "Developments in Missile Ramjet Propulsion", Report No.TNO Report PML 1996- A100, 1996.
Besser, H. L. and Hermann, L. W., "The Ducted Rocket Propulsion System for Meteor and its Background in German Airbreathing Motor Technology", Paper No. ISABE-2005-1149.
Besser, H. L., Hermann. L. W. and Kurth, G., "Fit for Mission - Design Tailoring Aspects of throttleable Ducted Rocket Propulsion Systems", AIAA-2008- 5262.
Moerel, J. L. P. A., Calzone, R. F., Halswijk, W. H. C., Horst, R. M. V., Stowed, R. and Lauzontt, M., "Performance Simulations of a Rocket and a Ramjet Air-to-Air Missile", AIAA-2001-4412.
Besser, H. L., "History of Ducted Rocket Development at Bayern-Chemie", AIAA-2008-5261.
Yoshihiro, Y., Yoshiyuki, I., Hisahiro, N., Eishu, K., Junichi, S., Yuichi, O. and Akihiko, Y., "Performance Demonstration of a Variable Flow Ducted Rocket Engine by Test Flight", AIAA-2009-5031.
Laruelle, G., "Air Intakes for a Probative Missile of Rocket Ramjet", NASA TM-77407, 1984.
Herrmann, D. and Gülhan, A., "Influence of Intake Orientation on Ramjet Performance", Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol.26, No.4, July-August 2010, pp.848-857.
Wasserbauer, J., Shaw, R. and Neumann, H., "Minimizing Boundary Layer Bleed for a Mixed Compression Inlet", AIAA Paper No.1973-1270, 1973.
Ryu, K. J., Lim, S. and Song, D. J., "A Computational Study of the Effect of Angles of Attack on a Double-cone Type Supersonic Inlet with a Bleeding System", Computers and Fluids, Vol.50, 2011, pp.72-80.
Hayes, C., "Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Series of Twin-Inlet Airbreathing Missile Configurations", NASA Technical Memorandum 84559, Langley Research Center, Virginia, 1983.
Moerel, J. L., Veraar, R. G., Halswijk, W. H. C., Pimentel, R., Corriveau, D., Hamel, N., Lesage, F. and Vos, J. B., "Internal Flow Characteristics of a Rectangular Ramjet Air Intake", AIAA Paper 2009- 5076.
Hidenori, T., Kenji, K., Yoshiyuki, I., Junichi, S. and Akihiko, Y., "Development of Wide-range Supersonic Intake for Variable Flow Ducted Rocket Engine", AIAA Paper 2009-5223.
Stowe, R. A., Champlain, A. D. and Mayer, A. E. H. J., "Modelling Combustor Performance of a Ducted Rocket", AIAA Paper 2000-3728.
Ristori, A. and Dufour, E., "Numerical Simulation of Ducted Rocket Motor", AIAA Paper 2001-3193.
Saha, S., Sinha, P. K. and Chakraborty, D., "CFD Prediction of Ramjet Intake Characteristics at Angle of Attack", Journal of Aerospace Sciences and Technologies, Vol.62, No.3, 2010, pp.159-165.
Chandra Murty, M. S. R. and Chakraborty, D., "Coupled external and internal flow simulation of a Liquid Fuelled Ramjet Vehicle", Journal of Aerospace Science and Technology, Vol.36, 2014, pp.1-4.
Anand Bhandarkar., Souraseni Basu., Manna, P. and Chakraborty, D., "Aerodynamic Characterization of Ramjet Missile Through Combined External-Internal CFD Simulation", Defense Science Journal, Vol.66, No.6, November, 2016.
Menter, F. R., "Two-Equation Eddy-Viscosity Turbulence Models for Engineering Applications", AIAA Journal, Vol.32, No.8, 1994, pp.1598-1605.
Ansys Fluent 14.5 Theory and Users Guide, India, AnsysInc, 2013.
ICEM CFD 14.5 Modeling and Meshing Guide, India, AnsysInc, 2013.
Roe, P. L., "Characteristic Based Schemes for the Euler Equations", Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 18:337-365, 1986.
Guide for the Verification and Validation of Computational Fluid Dynamic Simulation G-077-1998, AIAA, Reston, VA, 1998.
Cutler, A.D., Danehy, P. M., O’Byrne, S., Rodrigues, C. G. and Drummond, J. P., "Supersonic Combustion Experiment for CFD Model Development and Validation", AIAA Paper No. 2004-266.
Roache, P. J., "Error base for CFD", AIAA Paper No. 2003-0408.
Roache, P. J., "Verification and Validation in Computational Science and Engineering", Hermon Publishers, New Mexico, 1998.
Seddon, J. and Goldsmith, E., "Intake Aerodynamics", Second Edition. Washington, DC: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc, 1999.