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Abstract
Five hole probes are extensively used for measuring three dimensional flows. However the useful range of the probe is limited to about ± 30°. In many flows, this range may be exceeded. In such flows, a seven hole or even a nine hole probe is required increasing testing time or using alternative methods. The objective of the present paper is to find one such alternative method for use of five hole probes in highly three dimensional flows. A large size probe is manufactured and calibrated in an open jet calibration tunnel at a velocity of 40 m/s in yaw angle range of ±90° and pitch angle range of -70° to 90° at an interval of 10°. The probe calibration data is used for nulling calibration with zero yaw angle and pitch angle range of about ± 70°. This method is time consuming. Hence a semi nulling calibration method is developed. This method is similar to non-nulling calibration method. However the range of yaw angle is limited to ± 20°. If the flow yaw angle exceeds this yaw angle range, the probe can be rotated, so that the probe can be used to measure flows with large yaw and pitch angles. The calibration curves of semi nulling method are compared with those of zonal non nulling calibration method. It is found that the pitch angle range of non nulling calibration method is one pitch angle interval less than that of semi nulling method.
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References
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- Pisasale, A. J. and Ahmed, N. A., "A Novel Method for Extending the Calibration Range of Five-Hole Probe for Highly Three-Dimensional Flows", Flow Measurements and Instrumentation, Vol.13, No.1-2, pp.23-30, 2002.
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- Erwin, J. R., "Experimental Techniques: Instrumentation", in Aerodynamics of Turbines and Compressors (Ed. W. R. Hawthorne), Vol.5 of High Speed Aerodynamics and Jet Propulsion, 1964, p.173.
- Merrington, G. L., "A Pitch and Yaw Meter", ASME Journal of Basic Engineering, Vol.90, No.2, pp.314316, 1968.
- Sitaram, N. and Venkatesh Babu, M., "Design, Fabrication, Calibration and Validation of Nine Hole Probe for Measurement of Flow with Large Angles", Journal of Aerospace Sciences and Technologies, Vol.69, No.3, pp.380-387, 2017.
- Sumner, D., "A Comparison of Data-Reduction Methods for a Seven-Hole Probe", ASME Journal ofFluids Engineering, Vol.124, No.2, pp.523-527, 2002.
- Crawford James and Michael Birk, A., "Improvements to Common Data Reduction and Calibration Methods for Seven Hole Probes", ASME Journal of Fluids Engineering, Vol.135, No.3, 031206-1 to 031206-6, 2013.
- Ostowari, C. and Wentz, W. H., "Modified Calibration Method of a Five-Hole Probe for High Flow Angles", Experiments in Fluids, Vol.1, pp.156-158, 1983.
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- Measurement: Theory and Calibration", AIAA Journal, Vol.21, No.7, pp.992-998, 1983.
- Shepherd, I. C., "A Four Hole Pressure Probe for Fluid Flow Measurements in Three Dimensions",
- ASME Journal of Fluids Engineering, Vol.103, No.4, pp.590-594, 1981.
- Argelles Daz., Katia Maria., Oro Jesús Manuel Fernández and Marigorta Eduardo Blanco., "Extended Angular Range of a Three-Hole Cobra Pressure Probe for Incompressible Flow", ASME Journal
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- Sitaram Nekkanti and Srikanth Kancherla., "Effect of Chamfer Angle on the Calibration Curves of Five
- Hole Probes", International Journal of Rotating Machinery, Article ID 704315, 10 pages, 2015.
- Sitaram, N., Suresh, M., Kumar Satyansh., Dileep Chandran, P. M. and Prasad, B.V.S.S.S., "Look Up
- Table Method for Five Hole Probe Data Reduction", Journal of Aerospace Sciences and Technologies,
- Vol.69, No.2, pp.329-335, 2017.
References
Treaster, A. L. and Yocum, A. M., "The Calibration and Application of Five-Hole Probes", ISA Transactions, Vol.18, No.3, pp.23-34, 1979.
Pisasale, A. J. and Ahmed, N. A., "A Novel Method for Extending the Calibration Range of Five-Hole Probe for Highly Three-Dimensional Flows", Flow Measurements and Instrumentation, Vol.13, No.1-2, pp.23-30, 2002.
Sitaram, N. and Govardhan, M., "Large Angle Calibration of Five-Hole Probes", Journal of Aeronautical Society of India, Vol.54, No.3, pp.265-272, 2002.
Erwin, J. R., "Experimental Techniques: Instrumentation", in Aerodynamics of Turbines and Compressors (Ed. W. R. Hawthorne), Vol.5 of High Speed Aerodynamics and Jet Propulsion, 1964, p.173.
Merrington, G. L., "A Pitch and Yaw Meter", ASME Journal of Basic Engineering, Vol.90, No.2, pp.314316, 1968.
Sitaram, N. and Venkatesh Babu, M., "Design, Fabrication, Calibration and Validation of Nine Hole Probe for Measurement of Flow with Large Angles", Journal of Aerospace Sciences and Technologies, Vol.69, No.3, pp.380-387, 2017.
Sumner, D., "A Comparison of Data-Reduction Methods for a Seven-Hole Probe", ASME Journal ofFluids Engineering, Vol.124, No.2, pp.523-527, 2002.
Crawford James and Michael Birk, A., "Improvements to Common Data Reduction and Calibration Methods for Seven Hole Probes", ASME Journal of Fluids Engineering, Vol.135, No.3, 031206-1 to 031206-6, 2013.
Ostowari, C. and Wentz, W. H., "Modified Calibration Method of a Five-Hole Probe for High Flow Angles", Experiments in Fluids, Vol.1, pp.156-158, 1983.
Everett, K. N., Gerner, A. A. and Durston, D. A., "Seven-Hole Cone Probes for High Angle Flow
Measurement: Theory and Calibration", AIAA Journal, Vol.21, No.7, pp.992-998, 1983.
Shepherd, I. C., "A Four Hole Pressure Probe for Fluid Flow Measurements in Three Dimensions",
ASME Journal of Fluids Engineering, Vol.103, No.4, pp.590-594, 1981.
Argelles Daz., Katia Maria., Oro Jesús Manuel Fernández and Marigorta Eduardo Blanco., "Extended Angular Range of a Three-Hole Cobra Pressure Probe for Incompressible Flow", ASME Journal
of Fluids Engineering, Vol.130, No.10, pp.101401-1 to 101401-6, 2008.
Sitaram Nekkanti and Srikanth Kancherla., "Effect of Chamfer Angle on the Calibration Curves of Five
Hole Probes", International Journal of Rotating Machinery, Article ID 704315, 10 pages, 2015.
Sitaram, N., Suresh, M., Kumar Satyansh., Dileep Chandran, P. M. and Prasad, B.V.S.S.S., "Look Up
Table Method for Five Hole Probe Data Reduction", Journal of Aerospace Sciences and Technologies,
Vol.69, No.2, pp.329-335, 2017.