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Abstract
Underexpanded sonic jet is numerically simulated using commercial CFD software. Three dimensional Navier Stokes equations alongwith two equation turbulence models are solved. Computed centerline distribution and profiles of various flow variables at various axial stations agree quantitatively with experimental results. The comparison of the flow variables computed with four different two equation models reveals that k - e and RNG k - e models perform very well in predicting both pressure and temperature throughout the flow filed; whereas SST and k - w models fail to predict the flow behavior beyond the first Mach disc.
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References
- Englert, G.W., "Operational Method of Determining Initial Contour of and Pressure Field about a Supersonic Jet", NASA TND 279, 1960.
- Adamson, T.C., Jr, and Nicholls, J.A., "On the Structure of Jets from Highly Underexpanded Nozzles into Still Air", Journal of Aerospace Sciences, Vol 26, No.1, 1959, pp.16-24.
- Fox, J.H., "On the Structure of Jet Plumes", AIAA Journal Vol.12, No.1, January 1974, pp.105-107.
- Abbett, M., "The Mach Disk in Underexpanded Exhaust Plumes", AIAA Journal, Vol.9, No.3, March 1971, pp.512-514.
- Adrian, R. J., "Laser Velocimetry", in Fluid Mechanics Measurements, R.J. Goldstein, ed., Taylor and Francis, 1996, pp.175-293.
- Eggins, P.L. and Jackson, D.A., "Laser- Doppler Velocity Measurementsin an Under-Expanded Free Jet", Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol.7, 1974, pp.1894-1906.
- Krothapalli, A., Buzyna, G. and Lourenco, L., "Streamwise Vortices in an Underexpanded Axisymmetric Jet", Physics of Fluids A, Vol.3, No.8, 1991, pp.1848-1851.
- Chuech, S.G., Lai, M.C. and Faeth, G.M., "Structure of Turbulent Underexpanded Free Jets", AIAA Journal, Vol.27, 1989, pp.549-559.
- Wilkes, J.A., Glass, C.E., Danehy, P.M. and Nowak, R. J., "Fluorescence Imaging of Underexpanded Jets and Comparison with CFD", AIAA Paper No. 2006- 910, 2006.
- Woodmansee, M. A., Dutton, J.C. and Lucht, R.P., "Experimental Measurements of Pressure, Temperature, and Density in an Underexpanded Sonic Jet Flowfield, AIAA Paper No.99-3600, 1999.
- Matsuda, T., Umedy, Y., Ishii, R., Yasuda, A. and Sawada, K., "Numerical and Experimental Studies on Choked Underexpanded Jets" AIAA Paper No.87-1378, 1987.
- Dash, S. M., Wolf, D.E. and Seiner, J.M., "Analysis of Turbulent Underexpanded Jets, Part-1: Parabolized Navier - Stokes Model, SCIPVS", AIAA Journal, Vol.23, No.4, April 1985, pp.505-514.
- Abdol-Hamid, K.S. and Wilmoth, R.G., "Multiscale Turbulence Effects in Underexpanded Supersonic Jet", AIAA Journal, Vol.27, 1989, pp.315-322. 14. Cumber, P.S., Fairweather. M., Falle, S.A.E.G. and Giddings, J.R., "Predictions of the Structure of Turbulent, Moderately Underexpanded Jets", Trans. ASME, Journal of Fluid Engineering, Vol.116, 1994, pp.703-713.
- Birkby, P. and Page, G.J., "Numerical Predictions of Turbulent Underexpanded Sonic Jets Using a Pressure- based Methodology", Proceedings of IME - Part G - Journal of Aerospace Engineering, 2001, Vol.215 (3), pp.165-173
- Wilkes, J.A., Glass, C.E., Danehy, P.M. and Nowak, R.J., "Fluorescence Imaging of Underexpanded Jets and Comparison with CFD", AIAA 2006-910.
- GASP Version 4.0 User’s Manual, Aerosoft, Inc., Blacksburg, VA, 2002, ISBN 09652780-5-0
- ANSYS CFX, Release 11.0: Installation and Overview, January, 2007.
- Launder, B.E. and Spalding, D.B., "The Numerical Computation of Turbulent Flows", Computational Method in Applied Mechanical Engineering, Vol.3, 1974, pp.269-289.
- Wilcox, D.C., "Multiscale Model for Turbulent Flows", AIAA Journal, Vol.26, No.11, pp.1311- 1320.
- Yakhot, V. and Orszag, S.A., "Renormalization Group Analysis of Turbulence", Journal of Scientific Computing, Vol.1, 1986, pp.3-51.
- Menter, F.R., "Performance of Popular Turbulence Models for Attached and Separated Adverse Pressure Gradient Flows", AIAA Journal, Vol.30, No.8, 1992, pp.2066-2072.
- Malsur Dharavath., Sinha, P.K. and Debasis Chakraborty., "Simulation of Supersonic Base Flow - Effect of Computational Grid and Turbulence Model", ASME Journal of Aerospace Engineering. Vol.224, No.3, 2010, pp.311-319.
- Aswin, G. and Debasis Chakraborty., "Numerical Simulation of Transverse Side Jet Interaction with Supersonic Free Stream", Aerospace Sciences and Technologies Journal, Vol.14, 2010, pp. 295-301.
References
Englert, G.W., "Operational Method of Determining Initial Contour of and Pressure Field about a Supersonic Jet", NASA TND 279, 1960.
Adamson, T.C., Jr, and Nicholls, J.A., "On the Structure of Jets from Highly Underexpanded Nozzles into Still Air", Journal of Aerospace Sciences, Vol 26, No.1, 1959, pp.16-24.
Fox, J.H., "On the Structure of Jet Plumes", AIAA Journal Vol.12, No.1, January 1974, pp.105-107.
Abbett, M., "The Mach Disk in Underexpanded Exhaust Plumes", AIAA Journal, Vol.9, No.3, March 1971, pp.512-514.
Adrian, R. J., "Laser Velocimetry", in Fluid Mechanics Measurements, R.J. Goldstein, ed., Taylor and Francis, 1996, pp.175-293.
Eggins, P.L. and Jackson, D.A., "Laser- Doppler Velocity Measurementsin an Under-Expanded Free Jet", Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol.7, 1974, pp.1894-1906.
Krothapalli, A., Buzyna, G. and Lourenco, L., "Streamwise Vortices in an Underexpanded Axisymmetric Jet", Physics of Fluids A, Vol.3, No.8, 1991, pp.1848-1851.
Chuech, S.G., Lai, M.C. and Faeth, G.M., "Structure of Turbulent Underexpanded Free Jets", AIAA Journal, Vol.27, 1989, pp.549-559.
Wilkes, J.A., Glass, C.E., Danehy, P.M. and Nowak, R. J., "Fluorescence Imaging of Underexpanded Jets and Comparison with CFD", AIAA Paper No. 2006- 910, 2006.
Woodmansee, M. A., Dutton, J.C. and Lucht, R.P., "Experimental Measurements of Pressure, Temperature, and Density in an Underexpanded Sonic Jet Flowfield, AIAA Paper No.99-3600, 1999.
Matsuda, T., Umedy, Y., Ishii, R., Yasuda, A. and Sawada, K., "Numerical and Experimental Studies on Choked Underexpanded Jets" AIAA Paper No.87-1378, 1987.
Dash, S. M., Wolf, D.E. and Seiner, J.M., "Analysis of Turbulent Underexpanded Jets, Part-1: Parabolized Navier - Stokes Model, SCIPVS", AIAA Journal, Vol.23, No.4, April 1985, pp.505-514.
Abdol-Hamid, K.S. and Wilmoth, R.G., "Multiscale Turbulence Effects in Underexpanded Supersonic Jet", AIAA Journal, Vol.27, 1989, pp.315-322. 14. Cumber, P.S., Fairweather. M., Falle, S.A.E.G. and Giddings, J.R., "Predictions of the Structure of Turbulent, Moderately Underexpanded Jets", Trans. ASME, Journal of Fluid Engineering, Vol.116, 1994, pp.703-713.
Birkby, P. and Page, G.J., "Numerical Predictions of Turbulent Underexpanded Sonic Jets Using a Pressure- based Methodology", Proceedings of IME - Part G - Journal of Aerospace Engineering, 2001, Vol.215 (3), pp.165-173
Wilkes, J.A., Glass, C.E., Danehy, P.M. and Nowak, R.J., "Fluorescence Imaging of Underexpanded Jets and Comparison with CFD", AIAA 2006-910.
GASP Version 4.0 User’s Manual, Aerosoft, Inc., Blacksburg, VA, 2002, ISBN 09652780-5-0
ANSYS CFX, Release 11.0: Installation and Overview, January, 2007.
Launder, B.E. and Spalding, D.B., "The Numerical Computation of Turbulent Flows", Computational Method in Applied Mechanical Engineering, Vol.3, 1974, pp.269-289.
Wilcox, D.C., "Multiscale Model for Turbulent Flows", AIAA Journal, Vol.26, No.11, pp.1311- 1320.
Yakhot, V. and Orszag, S.A., "Renormalization Group Analysis of Turbulence", Journal of Scientific Computing, Vol.1, 1986, pp.3-51.
Menter, F.R., "Performance of Popular Turbulence Models for Attached and Separated Adverse Pressure Gradient Flows", AIAA Journal, Vol.30, No.8, 1992, pp.2066-2072.
Malsur Dharavath., Sinha, P.K. and Debasis Chakraborty., "Simulation of Supersonic Base Flow - Effect of Computational Grid and Turbulence Model", ASME Journal of Aerospace Engineering. Vol.224, No.3, 2010, pp.311-319.
Aswin, G. and Debasis Chakraborty., "Numerical Simulation of Transverse Side Jet Interaction with Supersonic Free Stream", Aerospace Sciences and Technologies Journal, Vol.14, 2010, pp. 295-301.