Main Article Content
Abstract
The paper presents the nonlinear longitudinal aerodynamic modeling using Neural-GaussNewton (NGN) method from real flight data of Hansa-3 aircraft. The NGN method is an algorithm that utilizes Feed Forward Neural Network and Gauss-Newton optimization to estimate the parameters and it does not require a priori postulation of mathematical model or solution of equations of motion. The Kirchhoff’s quasi-steady stall model was used to include the nonlinearity in the aerodynamic model used for parameter estimation. Before application to the flight data at high angles of attack, the method was validated on flight data at moderate angles of attack. The results obtained in terms of stall characteristics and aerodynamic parameters were encouraging and reasonably accurate to establish NGN as a method for modeling nonlinear aerodynamics using flight data at high angles of attack. The supremacy of NGN was established by comparing the NGN estimates to that of Maximum Likelihood.
Keywords
Article Details
References
- Hamel, P. G. and Jategaonkar, R. V., "The Evolution of Flight Vehicle System Identification", AGARD, DLR Germany, 8-10, May, 1995.
- Iliff, K. W., "Parameter Estimation for Flight Vehicle", Journal of Guidance, Control and Dynamics, Vol.12, No.5, 1989, pp.609-622.
- Hamel, P. G., "Aircraft Parameter Identification Methods and their Applications Survey and Future Aspects", AGARD, 15-104, Nov,1979, Paper 1.
- Klein, V., "Estimation of Aircraft Aerodynamic Parameter from Flight Data", Progress in Aerospace Sciences, Vol. 26, No. 1, 1989, pp. 1-77.
- Maine, K. E. and Iliff, K. W., "Application of Parameter Estimation to Aircraft Stability and Control: The Output Error Approach", NASA RP 1168, Jan, 1986.
- Maine, R. E. and Iliff, K. W., "Identification of Dynamic Systems - Application to Aircraft - Part 1: Output Error Approach", AGARD-AG-300, Vol. 3, Part 1, Dec, 1986.
- Greenberg, H., "A Survey of Methods for Determining Stability Parameters of an Airplane from Dynamic Flight Measurements", NACA TN-2340, April 1951.
- Roskam, J., "Methods for Estimating Stability and Control Derivatives for Conventional Subsonic Airplanes", Roskam Aviation and Engineering Corporation, 1973.
- Klein, V. and Morelli, E. A., "Aircraft System Identification - Theory and Practice", AIAA Education Series, Inc., Reston, Virginia, 2006.
- Jategaonkar, R. V., "Flight Vehicle System Identification - A Time Domain Methodology", AIAA Progress in Aeronautics and Astronautics, Vol. 216, AIAA, Reston, VA, Aug, 2006.
- Goman, M. and Khrabrov, A., "State-space Representation of Aerodynamic Characteristics of an Aircraft at High Angles of Attack", J. of Aircraft, Vol.31, No. 51, pp.990.
- Leishman, J.G. and Naguyen, K.Q., "State-space Representation of Unsteady Airfoil Behavior", AIAA Journal, Vol. 28, No. 5, 1990, pp. 836-844.
- Aerodynamic Greenwell, D. I., "A Review of Unsteady Aerodynamic Modeling for Flight Dynamics of Manoeuvrable Aircraft", AIAA Paper, 2004-5276, 2004.
- Fischenberg, D., "Identification of an Unsteady Aerodynamic Stall Model from Flight Test Data",
- AIAA Paper, 95-3438, 1995.
- Fischenberg, D. and Jategaonkar, R. V., "Identification of Aircraft Stall Behavior from Flight Test
- Data", RTO-MP-11, Paper No. 17, 1999.
- Shinbrot, M., "A Least square Curve Fitting Method with Applications to the Calculation of Stability Coefficients from Transient Response Data", NACA TN 2341, April, 1951.
- Mehra, R. K., "Maximum Likelihood Identification of Aircraft Parameters", Proceedings of the 11th Joint
- Automatic Control Conference, Atlanta, GA, 1970.
- Jategaonkar, R. V. and Plaetschke, E., "Estimation of Aircraft Parameters Using Filter Error Methods and Extended Kalman Filter", DFVLR-FB 88-15, March, 1988.
- Zurada, J. M., "Introduction to Artificial Neural Systems", West, New York, 1992.
- Haykins, S., "Neural Networks - A Comprehensive Foundation", McMaster University, Macmillan College Publishing Company, New York, 1994.
- Hassoun, M. H., "Fundamental of Artificial Neural Networks", The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1995.
- Basappa, K. and Jategaonkar, R. V., "Aspects of Feed Forward Neural Network Modeling and its Application to Lateral-Directional Flight-Data", DLR IB 111-95/30, Sept, 1995.
- Ghosh, A. K., "Aircraft Parameter Estimation from Flight Data using Feed Forward Neural Networks",
- PhD Thesis, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, April,
- Peyada, N. K. and Ghosh, A. K., "Parameter Estimation from Real Flight Data using Neural Network
- based Method", INCPAA-2008, Mathematical Problems in Engineering, Aerospace and Sciences, University of Genoa, Italy, June, 25-27, 2008.
- Peyada, N. K. and Ghosh, A. K., "Aircraft Parameter Estimation using New Filtering Technique Based on
- Neural Network and Gauss-Newton Method", Aeronautical Journal, UK, Vol.113, No. 1142, April,
References
Hamel, P. G. and Jategaonkar, R. V., "The Evolution of Flight Vehicle System Identification", AGARD, DLR Germany, 8-10, May, 1995.
Iliff, K. W., "Parameter Estimation for Flight Vehicle", Journal of Guidance, Control and Dynamics, Vol.12, No.5, 1989, pp.609-622.
Hamel, P. G., "Aircraft Parameter Identification Methods and their Applications Survey and Future Aspects", AGARD, 15-104, Nov,1979, Paper 1.
Klein, V., "Estimation of Aircraft Aerodynamic Parameter from Flight Data", Progress in Aerospace Sciences, Vol. 26, No. 1, 1989, pp. 1-77.
Maine, K. E. and Iliff, K. W., "Application of Parameter Estimation to Aircraft Stability and Control: The Output Error Approach", NASA RP 1168, Jan, 1986.
Maine, R. E. and Iliff, K. W., "Identification of Dynamic Systems - Application to Aircraft - Part 1: Output Error Approach", AGARD-AG-300, Vol. 3, Part 1, Dec, 1986.
Greenberg, H., "A Survey of Methods for Determining Stability Parameters of an Airplane from Dynamic Flight Measurements", NACA TN-2340, April 1951.
Roskam, J., "Methods for Estimating Stability and Control Derivatives for Conventional Subsonic Airplanes", Roskam Aviation and Engineering Corporation, 1973.
Klein, V. and Morelli, E. A., "Aircraft System Identification - Theory and Practice", AIAA Education Series, Inc., Reston, Virginia, 2006.
Jategaonkar, R. V., "Flight Vehicle System Identification - A Time Domain Methodology", AIAA Progress in Aeronautics and Astronautics, Vol. 216, AIAA, Reston, VA, Aug, 2006.
Goman, M. and Khrabrov, A., "State-space Representation of Aerodynamic Characteristics of an Aircraft at High Angles of Attack", J. of Aircraft, Vol.31, No. 51, pp.990.
Leishman, J.G. and Naguyen, K.Q., "State-space Representation of Unsteady Airfoil Behavior", AIAA Journal, Vol. 28, No. 5, 1990, pp. 836-844.
Aerodynamic Greenwell, D. I., "A Review of Unsteady Aerodynamic Modeling for Flight Dynamics of Manoeuvrable Aircraft", AIAA Paper, 2004-5276, 2004.
Fischenberg, D., "Identification of an Unsteady Aerodynamic Stall Model from Flight Test Data",
AIAA Paper, 95-3438, 1995.
Fischenberg, D. and Jategaonkar, R. V., "Identification of Aircraft Stall Behavior from Flight Test
Data", RTO-MP-11, Paper No. 17, 1999.
Shinbrot, M., "A Least square Curve Fitting Method with Applications to the Calculation of Stability Coefficients from Transient Response Data", NACA TN 2341, April, 1951.
Mehra, R. K., "Maximum Likelihood Identification of Aircraft Parameters", Proceedings of the 11th Joint
Automatic Control Conference, Atlanta, GA, 1970.
Jategaonkar, R. V. and Plaetschke, E., "Estimation of Aircraft Parameters Using Filter Error Methods and Extended Kalman Filter", DFVLR-FB 88-15, March, 1988.
Zurada, J. M., "Introduction to Artificial Neural Systems", West, New York, 1992.
Haykins, S., "Neural Networks - A Comprehensive Foundation", McMaster University, Macmillan College Publishing Company, New York, 1994.
Hassoun, M. H., "Fundamental of Artificial Neural Networks", The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1995.
Basappa, K. and Jategaonkar, R. V., "Aspects of Feed Forward Neural Network Modeling and its Application to Lateral-Directional Flight-Data", DLR IB 111-95/30, Sept, 1995.
Ghosh, A. K., "Aircraft Parameter Estimation from Flight Data using Feed Forward Neural Networks",
PhD Thesis, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, April,
Peyada, N. K. and Ghosh, A. K., "Parameter Estimation from Real Flight Data using Neural Network
based Method", INCPAA-2008, Mathematical Problems in Engineering, Aerospace and Sciences, University of Genoa, Italy, June, 25-27, 2008.
Peyada, N. K. and Ghosh, A. K., "Aircraft Parameter Estimation using New Filtering Technique Based on
Neural Network and Gauss-Newton Method", Aeronautical Journal, UK, Vol.113, No. 1142, April,