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Abstract
Thermo-structural design of high speed propulsive systems require heat transfer as an input. Nonreacting and reacting flow simulations are carried out to predict the heat transfer characteristics of scramjet combustor using commercial software. The software employs finite volume method to solve 3-D RANS equations along with SST-kω turbulence model and infinitely fast chemistry. The flow through a convergent-divergent nozzle is taken as validation test case and very good match is obtained between computed heat flux and experimental data. It is observed that minimum 10 micron 1st grid spacing is required to predict wall heat flux accurately and grid independence of heat flux data is demonstrated. Heat transfer coefficient is independent of various isothermal walls and computed heat fluxes are higher at combustion intense zone behind fuel injection struts.
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References
- Feri, A., "Review of Problems in Application of Supersonic Combustion", Journal of Royal Aeronautical Society, 68 (645), 1964, pp.575-597.
- Waltrup, P.J., "Liquid-fueled Supersonic Combustion Ramjet: A Research Perspective", Journal of Propulsion and Power, 3 (6), 1987, pp.515-524.
- Curran, E.T., "Scramjet Engines: The First Forty Years", Journal of Propulsion and Power, 17 (6), 2001, pp.1138-1148.
- Edwards, T., "Liquid Fuels and Propellants for Aerospace Propulsion: 1903-2003", Journal of Propulsion and Power, 19 (6), 2003, pp.1089-1107.
- Bouchez, M., Dufour, E. and Montazel, X., "Hydrocarbon Fueled Scramjet for Hypersonic Vehicles", AIAA Paper, 1998, 1589.
- Dufour, E. and Bouchez, M., "Computational Analysis of a Kerosene Fueled Scramjet", AIAA Paper, 2001, 1817.
- Manna, P., Ramesh, R. and Chakraborty, D., "Liquid Fueled Strut Based Scramjet Combustor Design - A Computational Fluid Dynamics Approach", Journal of Propulsion and Power, 24 (2), 2008, pp.274-281.
- Manna, P., Dharavath, M., Sinha, P.K. and Chakraborty, D., "Optimization of a Flight-worthy Scramjet Combustor Through CFD", Aerospace Science and Technology, No.27, 2013, pp.138-146.
- Dharavath, M., Manna, P., Sinha P.K. and Chakraborty, D., "Numerical Analysis of a Kerosene Fuelled Scramjet Combustor",ASME Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications, 8 (8), 2016, pp.1-7. doi:10.1115/1-4030699.
- Dharavath, M., Manna, P. and Chakraborty, D., "Tip to Tail Simulation of a Hypersonic Airbreathing Cruise Vehicle", Journal of Propulsion and Power, 31 (5), 2015, pp.1370-1379.DOI : 10.2514 / 1.B35686.
- Dharavath, M., Manna P. and Chakraborty, D., "Prediction of Heat Flux in a Scramjet Combustor with Kerosene Fuel Through CFD", Paper No-CP-37, Proceedings of 17th AESI-CFD Symposium held at National Aerospace Laboratries (NAL), Bangalore, August 11-12, 2015, pp.168-177.
- Song, K.D., Choi, S.H. and Scotti, S.J., "Transpiration Cooling Experiment for Scramjet Engine Combustion Chamber by High Heat Fluxes", Journal of Propulsion and Power, 22 (1), 2006, pp.96-102.
- Li, L., Fan, X. and Wang, J., "Measurements of Wall Heat Flux and Temperature in a supersonic model Combustor", AIAA Paper, 2011, 5916.
- Kennedy, P.J. and Donbar, M., "Heat Flux Measurement in a Scramjet Combustor Using Direct Write Technology", AIAA Paper, 2011, 2330.
- Zhang, C., Qin, J., Yang, Q., Zhang, S., Chang, J. and Bao, W., "Indirect Measurement Method of Inner
- Wall Temperature of Scramjet with a State Observer", Acta Astronautica, 115, 2015, pp.330-337.
- DOI:10.1016/j.actaastro.2015.05.030.
- ANSYS CFX, Release 11.0: Installation and Overview, July 2007.
- Back, L.H., Massier, P.F. and Gier, H.L., "Convective Heat Transfer in a Convergent Divergent Nozzle", Technical Report 32-415, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology,
- Pasadena CA, 1965.
- Menter, F.R., "Two-equation Eddy-viscosity Turbulence Models for Engineering Applications", AIAA
- Journal, 32 (8), 1994, pp.1598-1605.
- Magnussen, B. F. and Hjertager, B. H., "On Mathematical Modeling of Turbulent Combustion with
- Special Emphasis on Soot Formation and Combustion", Sixteenth Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, 1976,pp.719-725.
- Chandra Murty, M.S.R. and Debasis Chakraborty.,"Effect of Injection Angle in Mixing and Combustion
- Characteristics of Scramjet Combustor", International Journal of Hypersonics, Vol.2, No.1-2, 2011,
- pp.15-27.
- Rahul Ingle and Debasis Chakraborty., "Numerical Simulation of Dual Mode Scramjet Combustor with
- Significant Upstream Interaction", International Journal of Manufacturing, Materials, and Mechanical Engineering, Vol.2, No.3, July-September 2012, pp.60-74.
- Chandra Murty, M.S.R. and Debasis Chakraborty., "Numerical Simulation of Angular Injection of Hydrogen Fuel in Scramjet Combustor", Proc. I Meche, Part G, Journal of Aerospace Engineering, Vol. 226,
- No.7, July 2012, pp.861-872.
- Malsur Dharavath., Manna, P. and Debasis Chakraborty., "Study of Mixing and Combustion in
- Scramjet Combustor with Ethylene Fuel Through CFD", Acta Astronautica, Vol.117, 2015, pp.305-
- Ramesh Behera and Debasis Chakraborty., "Numerical Simulation of Kerosene Fueled Ramp Cavity
- Based Scramjet Combustor:", Journal of Aerospace Sciences and Technologies, Vol.58, No.2, May 2006,
- pp.104-111.
- Manna, P., Ramesh Behera and Debasis Chakraborty., "Thermochemical Exploration of a Cavity
- Based Supersonic Combustor with Liquid Kerosene Fuel" Journal of Aerospace Sciences and Technologies, Vol.59, No.4, November 2007, pp.246-258.
- Launder, B.E. and Spalding, D.B., "The Numerical Computation of Turbulent Flows", Comp Meth Appl
- Mech Eng, No.3, 1974, pp.269-289.
- Kader, B.A., "Temperature and Concentration Profiles in Fully Turbulent Boundary Layers", International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 24 (9), 1981, pp.1541-1544.
- ICEM-CFD software, Release 11.0: Installation and Overview, January 7th, 2007.
- Pannerselvam, S., Thiagarajan, V., Ganesh, A.T.K., Geetha, J.J., Ramanujachari, V. and Prahlada., "Airframe Integrated Scramjet Design and Performance Analysis", ISABE Paper, 2005, 1280.
- Lefebvre, A.H., "Atomization and Sprays", Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, Bristol, First Edition,
- Hoffmann, K.A., Siddiqui, M.S. and Chiang, S.T., "Difficulties Associated with the Heat Flux Computations of High Speed Flows by the Navier-stokes Equations", AIAA Paper, 1991, 0467.
- Bhandarkar, A., Dharavath , M., Murty, M.S.R.C., Manna, P. and Chakraborty, D.., "A Novel CFD
- Method to Estimate Heat Transfer Coefficient for High Speed Flows", Defense Science Journal, 66 (3),
- , pp.203-209. doi:10.14429/dsj/66.8873.
References
Feri, A., "Review of Problems in Application of Supersonic Combustion", Journal of Royal Aeronautical Society, 68 (645), 1964, pp.575-597.
Waltrup, P.J., "Liquid-fueled Supersonic Combustion Ramjet: A Research Perspective", Journal of Propulsion and Power, 3 (6), 1987, pp.515-524.
Curran, E.T., "Scramjet Engines: The First Forty Years", Journal of Propulsion and Power, 17 (6), 2001, pp.1138-1148.
Edwards, T., "Liquid Fuels and Propellants for Aerospace Propulsion: 1903-2003", Journal of Propulsion and Power, 19 (6), 2003, pp.1089-1107.
Bouchez, M., Dufour, E. and Montazel, X., "Hydrocarbon Fueled Scramjet for Hypersonic Vehicles", AIAA Paper, 1998, 1589.
Dufour, E. and Bouchez, M., "Computational Analysis of a Kerosene Fueled Scramjet", AIAA Paper, 2001, 1817.
Manna, P., Ramesh, R. and Chakraborty, D., "Liquid Fueled Strut Based Scramjet Combustor Design - A Computational Fluid Dynamics Approach", Journal of Propulsion and Power, 24 (2), 2008, pp.274-281.
Manna, P., Dharavath, M., Sinha, P.K. and Chakraborty, D., "Optimization of a Flight-worthy Scramjet Combustor Through CFD", Aerospace Science and Technology, No.27, 2013, pp.138-146.
Dharavath, M., Manna, P., Sinha P.K. and Chakraborty, D., "Numerical Analysis of a Kerosene Fuelled Scramjet Combustor",ASME Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications, 8 (8), 2016, pp.1-7. doi:10.1115/1-4030699.
Dharavath, M., Manna, P. and Chakraborty, D., "Tip to Tail Simulation of a Hypersonic Airbreathing Cruise Vehicle", Journal of Propulsion and Power, 31 (5), 2015, pp.1370-1379.DOI : 10.2514 / 1.B35686.
Dharavath, M., Manna P. and Chakraborty, D., "Prediction of Heat Flux in a Scramjet Combustor with Kerosene Fuel Through CFD", Paper No-CP-37, Proceedings of 17th AESI-CFD Symposium held at National Aerospace Laboratries (NAL), Bangalore, August 11-12, 2015, pp.168-177.
Song, K.D., Choi, S.H. and Scotti, S.J., "Transpiration Cooling Experiment for Scramjet Engine Combustion Chamber by High Heat Fluxes", Journal of Propulsion and Power, 22 (1), 2006, pp.96-102.
Li, L., Fan, X. and Wang, J., "Measurements of Wall Heat Flux and Temperature in a supersonic model Combustor", AIAA Paper, 2011, 5916.
Kennedy, P.J. and Donbar, M., "Heat Flux Measurement in a Scramjet Combustor Using Direct Write Technology", AIAA Paper, 2011, 2330.
Zhang, C., Qin, J., Yang, Q., Zhang, S., Chang, J. and Bao, W., "Indirect Measurement Method of Inner
Wall Temperature of Scramjet with a State Observer", Acta Astronautica, 115, 2015, pp.330-337.
DOI:10.1016/j.actaastro.2015.05.030.
ANSYS CFX, Release 11.0: Installation and Overview, July 2007.
Back, L.H., Massier, P.F. and Gier, H.L., "Convective Heat Transfer in a Convergent Divergent Nozzle", Technical Report 32-415, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology,
Pasadena CA, 1965.
Menter, F.R., "Two-equation Eddy-viscosity Turbulence Models for Engineering Applications", AIAA
Journal, 32 (8), 1994, pp.1598-1605.
Magnussen, B. F. and Hjertager, B. H., "On Mathematical Modeling of Turbulent Combustion with
Special Emphasis on Soot Formation and Combustion", Sixteenth Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, 1976,pp.719-725.
Chandra Murty, M.S.R. and Debasis Chakraborty.,"Effect of Injection Angle in Mixing and Combustion
Characteristics of Scramjet Combustor", International Journal of Hypersonics, Vol.2, No.1-2, 2011,
pp.15-27.
Rahul Ingle and Debasis Chakraborty., "Numerical Simulation of Dual Mode Scramjet Combustor with
Significant Upstream Interaction", International Journal of Manufacturing, Materials, and Mechanical Engineering, Vol.2, No.3, July-September 2012, pp.60-74.
Chandra Murty, M.S.R. and Debasis Chakraborty., "Numerical Simulation of Angular Injection of Hydrogen Fuel in Scramjet Combustor", Proc. I Meche, Part G, Journal of Aerospace Engineering, Vol. 226,
No.7, July 2012, pp.861-872.
Malsur Dharavath., Manna, P. and Debasis Chakraborty., "Study of Mixing and Combustion in
Scramjet Combustor with Ethylene Fuel Through CFD", Acta Astronautica, Vol.117, 2015, pp.305-
Ramesh Behera and Debasis Chakraborty., "Numerical Simulation of Kerosene Fueled Ramp Cavity
Based Scramjet Combustor:", Journal of Aerospace Sciences and Technologies, Vol.58, No.2, May 2006,
pp.104-111.
Manna, P., Ramesh Behera and Debasis Chakraborty., "Thermochemical Exploration of a Cavity
Based Supersonic Combustor with Liquid Kerosene Fuel" Journal of Aerospace Sciences and Technologies, Vol.59, No.4, November 2007, pp.246-258.
Launder, B.E. and Spalding, D.B., "The Numerical Computation of Turbulent Flows", Comp Meth Appl
Mech Eng, No.3, 1974, pp.269-289.
Kader, B.A., "Temperature and Concentration Profiles in Fully Turbulent Boundary Layers", International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 24 (9), 1981, pp.1541-1544.
ICEM-CFD software, Release 11.0: Installation and Overview, January 7th, 2007.
Pannerselvam, S., Thiagarajan, V., Ganesh, A.T.K., Geetha, J.J., Ramanujachari, V. and Prahlada., "Airframe Integrated Scramjet Design and Performance Analysis", ISABE Paper, 2005, 1280.
Lefebvre, A.H., "Atomization and Sprays", Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, Bristol, First Edition,
Hoffmann, K.A., Siddiqui, M.S. and Chiang, S.T., "Difficulties Associated with the Heat Flux Computations of High Speed Flows by the Navier-stokes Equations", AIAA Paper, 1991, 0467.
Bhandarkar, A., Dharavath , M., Murty, M.S.R.C., Manna, P. and Chakraborty, D.., "A Novel CFD
Method to Estimate Heat Transfer Coefficient for High Speed Flows", Defense Science Journal, 66 (3),
, pp.203-209. doi:10.14429/dsj/66.8873.