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Abstract
Effect of confinement has been investigated numerically for supersonic turbulent flow past backward facing step in a nonreacting scramjet combustor. Flow structure downstream of the backward facing step has been studied by considering various configurations with different combustor heights as well as unconfined flow. Staged transverse sonic injectors with different combustor heights are also considered to find out the effect of confinement on the penetration, spreading and other flow features in the flow field. Three dimensional Navier Stokes equations along with k-ε turbulence model are solved using a commercial CFD software. The simulation captures all essential features of the flow. Good comparisons of various flow profiles have been obtained between experimental and computed values. Although confinement creates complicated shock reflections in the combustor, the length of the recirculation bubble behind the backward facing step remains almost constant. For the injection case, the recirculation region is extended upto the bow shock arising upstream of the injector and two recirculation bubble is seen between the backward facing step and the injector.
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References
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- Forsythe, J.R., Hoffman, K.A. and Squires K.D., "Detached-Eddy Simulation with Compressibility Corrections Applied to Supersonic Axisymmetric Base Flow", AIAA Paper 2002-0586, 2002.
- Uenishi, K., Rogers, R.C. and Northam G.B., "Numerical Predictions of a Rearward-Facing-Step Flow in a Supersonic Combustor", Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol.5, No.2, 1989, pp.58-164.
- Correa, S.M. and Warren, R.E., "Supersonic Sudden Expansion Flow with Fluid Interaction: An Experimental and Computational Study", AIAA Paper 89- 0389, 1989.
- Yang, A.S., Hscih, W.H. and Kuo, K.K., "Theoretical Study of Supersonic Flow Separation over a Rearward Facing Step", AIAA Paper 91-2161, 1991.
- Yang, A.S., "Adaptive Refinement of a Supersonic Flow over a Backward Facing Step", AIAA Paper 2001-3741, 2001.
- Manna, P. and Chakraborty, D., "Numerical Investigation of Transverse Sonic Injection in Non-reacting Supersonic Combustor", Proc. IMechE Part G: J. Aerospace Engineering, Vol.219, No.3, 2005, pp.205-215.
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- Eaton, J.K. and Johnston, J.P., "Review of Research on Subsonic Turbulent Flow", AIAA Journal, Vol.19. 1981, pp.1093-1100.
References
Gutmark, E., Wilson, K.J., Schadow, K.C., Parr, T.P. and Hanson-Parr, D.M., "Combustion Enhancement in Supersonic Co-axial Flow", AIAA Paper 89-2788, 1989.
Yu, K., Wilson, K.J. and Schadow, K.C., "On the Use of Combustor Wall Cavities for Mixing Enhancement", Third American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Paper 99-7255, 1999.
Fletcher, D.G. and McDaniel J.C., "Quantitative Measurement of Transverse Injector and Free Stream Interaction in a Nonreacting Scramjet Combustor Using Laser Induced Fluorescence", AIAA Paper 87-0087, 1987.
McDaniel, J.C., Fletcher, D.G., Hartfield R.J. and Hollo, S.D., "Staged Transverse Injection into Mach 2 Flow Behind a Rearward-Facing Step: A 3-D, Compressible Flow Test Case for Hypersonic Combustor CFD Validation", AIAA Paper 92-0827, 1992.
Hartfield R.J., Hollo, S.D and McDaniel, J.C., "Planar Measurement Technique for Compressible Flows Using Laser Induced Iodine Fluorescence", AIAA Journal, Vol.31, No.3, 1993, pp.483-496.
Dutton, J.C., Herrin, J.L., Molezzi, M.J., Mathur, T. and Smith, K.M., "Recent Progress on High Speed Separated Base Flows", AIAA Paper 93-0472, 1993.
Herin, J.L. and Dutton, J.C., "Supersonic Base Flow Experiments in the Near Wake of a Cylinder Afterbody", AIAA Journal, Vol.32, No.1, 1994, pp.77- 83.
Herrin, J.L. and Dutton, J.C., "An Investigation of LDV Velocity Bias Correction Technique for High Speed Separated Flows", Experiments in Fluids, Vol.15, No.4/5, 1993, pp.354-363.
Kuratani, N., Ikeda, Y., Nakajima, T., Tomioka, S. and Mitano, T., "Mixing Characteristics of Normal Injection into a Supersonic Backward Facing Step Flow Measurement with PIV", AIAA Paper 2002- 0237, 2002.
Smith, K.M. and Dutton, J.C., "Investigation of Large Scale Simulation in Supersonic Planar Base Flows", AIAA Journal, Vol.34, No.4, 1996, pp.1146- 1152.
Sahu J.L., "Numerical Computation of Supersonic Base Flow with Special Emphasis on Turbulence Modeling", AIAA Journal, Vol.32, No.7, 1994, pp.1547-1549.
Childs, R.E. and Caruso, S.C., "On the Accuracy of Turbulent Base Flow Prediction", AIAA Paper 87- 1939, 1987.
Forsythe, J.R. and Hoffman, K.A., "Detached-Eddy Simulation of a Supersonic Axisymmetric Base Flow with an Unstructured Solver", AIAA Paper 2000- 2410, 2000.
Forsythe, J.R., Hoffman, K.A. and Squires K.D., "Detached-Eddy Simulation with Compressibility Corrections Applied to Supersonic Axisymmetric Base Flow", AIAA Paper 2002-0586, 2002.
Uenishi, K., Rogers, R.C. and Northam G.B., "Numerical Predictions of a Rearward-Facing-Step Flow in a Supersonic Combustor", Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol.5, No.2, 1989, pp.58-164.
Correa, S.M. and Warren, R.E., "Supersonic Sudden Expansion Flow with Fluid Interaction: An Experimental and Computational Study", AIAA Paper 89- 0389, 1989.
Yang, A.S., Hscih, W.H. and Kuo, K.K., "Theoretical Study of Supersonic Flow Separation over a Rearward Facing Step", AIAA Paper 91-2161, 1991.
Yang, A.S., "Adaptive Refinement of a Supersonic Flow over a Backward Facing Step", AIAA Paper 2001-3741, 2001.
Manna, P. and Chakraborty, D., "Numerical Investigation of Transverse Sonic Injection in Non-reacting Supersonic Combustor", Proc. IMechE Part G: J. Aerospace Engineering, Vol.219, No.3, 2005, pp.205-215.
CFX-TASCflow Computation Fluid Dynamics Software, Version 2.11.1, AEA Technology Engineering Software Ltd. 2001.
Eaton, J.K. and Johnston, J.P., "Review of Research on Subsonic Turbulent Flow", AIAA Journal, Vol.19. 1981, pp.1093-1100.