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Abstract
Satellite-based Communication, Navigation, Surveillance and Air Traffic Management (CNS/ATM) systems have been adopted by the international aviation community to meet the challenges of continuously rising global air traffic. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has been prescribed for the provision of navigation services to the air traffic. Performance of GNSS depends upon many factors including refraction and scintillation effects of ionosphere on the satellite signals. Severity of this effect depends largely upon the geographical location of the navigation receiver, the time of the day, the month of the year and the year on the 11-year solar cycle. This paper studies ionosphere mechanism and discusses its effect on the performance of GNSS. The paper also predicts the performance during solar cycle maximum expected in 2013-2014 [Jensen, Anna B.O., Mitchell, Cathryn 2011]. It touches upon the preparations going on to face the adverse effects of increased solar activity during the cycle maximum and recommends coordination/cooperation between various relevant organizations/institutions in the processes of data collection and development of a model.
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References
- Datta-Barua, S., Dehel, T. and Klobuchar, J.A., "Ionospheric Scintillation Effects on Single and Dual Frequency GPS Positioning", Proceedings of ION GPS/GNSS 2003, Portland, OR, September 2003, pp.336-346.
- De Paula, R., Muella, M.T.A.H., de Rezende, L.F.C., Kantor, I.J., Correa, Keila S., de Siquera, P.M., Dutra Anderson and Guedes Cedrique., "Ionospheric Effects over GNSS", Galileo Networking Meeting, 2425, November 2009, INPE - Sao Jose dos Campos Brazil.
- Dubey Smita., Wahi Rashmi and Gwal, A.K., "Effect of Ionospheric Scintillation on GPS Receiver at Equatorial Anomaly Region Bhopal", International Union of Radio Science, XXVIIIth General Assembly, 23 - 29, October, 2005.
- Iatsouk Victor., "Development of Standards for Aeronautical Satellite Navigation System", Acta Astronautica, 54, 2004, pp.961-963.
- Jensen Anna, B.O. and Mitchell Cathryn., "GNSS and the Ionosphere, What’s in Store for the Next Solar Maximum?", GPS World, February, 2011, pp.42-48.
- Jiwon Seo., Todd Walter., Edward Marks., TsungYu Chiou and Per Enge., "Ionospheric Scintillation Effects on GPS Receivers During Solar Minimum and Maximum", International Beacon Satellite Symposium 2007, 11 - 15, June, 2007, Boston, MA, USA.
- Klobuchar John, A., "Ionospheric Effects on GPS", Innovation, GPS World, April, 1991.
- Lammertsma, P.F., "Satellite Navigation", Institute of Information and Computing Sciences, Utrecht
- University, February, 2, 2005.
- Langley, Richard B., "GPS, the Ionosphere, and the Solar Maximum", Innovation, GPS World, July,
- , pp.44-49.
- "Solar Cycle 24 and its Impact on GNSS Positioning", Fugro, November, 2008.
References
Datta-Barua, S., Dehel, T. and Klobuchar, J.A., "Ionospheric Scintillation Effects on Single and Dual Frequency GPS Positioning", Proceedings of ION GPS/GNSS 2003, Portland, OR, September 2003, pp.336-346.
De Paula, R., Muella, M.T.A.H., de Rezende, L.F.C., Kantor, I.J., Correa, Keila S., de Siquera, P.M., Dutra Anderson and Guedes Cedrique., "Ionospheric Effects over GNSS", Galileo Networking Meeting, 2425, November 2009, INPE - Sao Jose dos Campos Brazil.
Dubey Smita., Wahi Rashmi and Gwal, A.K., "Effect of Ionospheric Scintillation on GPS Receiver at Equatorial Anomaly Region Bhopal", International Union of Radio Science, XXVIIIth General Assembly, 23 - 29, October, 2005.
Iatsouk Victor., "Development of Standards for Aeronautical Satellite Navigation System", Acta Astronautica, 54, 2004, pp.961-963.
Jensen Anna, B.O. and Mitchell Cathryn., "GNSS and the Ionosphere, What’s in Store for the Next Solar Maximum?", GPS World, February, 2011, pp.42-48.
Jiwon Seo., Todd Walter., Edward Marks., TsungYu Chiou and Per Enge., "Ionospheric Scintillation Effects on GPS Receivers During Solar Minimum and Maximum", International Beacon Satellite Symposium 2007, 11 - 15, June, 2007, Boston, MA, USA.
Klobuchar John, A., "Ionospheric Effects on GPS", Innovation, GPS World, April, 1991.
Lammertsma, P.F., "Satellite Navigation", Institute of Information and Computing Sciences, Utrecht
University, February, 2, 2005.
Langley, Richard B., "GPS, the Ionosphere, and the Solar Maximum", Innovation, GPS World, July,
, pp.44-49.
"Solar Cycle 24 and its Impact on GNSS Positioning", Fugro, November, 2008.